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3D printed microscopic robotic fish.

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According to the researcher Wei Zhu, “developing the technology Nano-engineers at the University of California,  San Diego, has been able to 3D print microscopic robots. They developed tiny robots shaped like fish. These are called microfish and are smaller than the width of human hair. Nanoparticles are added to various parts of the microfish to make them functional.  Platinum nanoparticles installed in their tails help them propel forward. Magnetic nanoparticles installed in their head can be used to steer them.

The microfish are developed using a 3D printing technology called microscale continuous optical printing. This technology allows 3D printing hundreds of microfish within seconds. The shapes of the microbots to be changed, for example, to experiment with different shapes of fish such as sharks vs. ray fish, or experiment with other shapes such as birds.

We have developed an entirely new method to engineer nature-inspired microscopic swimmers that have complex geometric structures and are smaller than the width of a human hair. With this method, we can easily integrate different functions inside these tiny robotic swimmers for a broad spectrum of applications. For example, toxic neutralizing particles can be included in the microfish to use them for detoxifying liquids. In future, this technology may allow delivery of medicine to specific parts of the body via a bloodstream.¨

 

3D-Printed Artificial Microfish. Advanced Materials. 2015

These microscopic fish are 3D-printed to do more than swim.

Microscopic 3D-Printed “Smart” Fish Nanobots to Swim in Bloodstream & Remove Toxins.

 

Robotic Drugs? 3D-Printed ‘Fish Bots’ Made With Platinum Nanoparticles Can Swim Through Blood To Remove Toxins.

3-D-Printed Tiny Fish Could Be Used for Drug Delivery.

 

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3D printed human tissues using DNA

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As mentioned by Professor Gartner of UCSF, ¨have developed a technique to build tiny models of human tissue called organoids. The technique uses DNA to guide the assembly of cells into organoids. This technique is called DNA Programmed Assembly of Cells (DPAC). The research team created several organoid arrays mimicking human tissues such as mammary glands. The research was published in the journal Nature Methods on Aug. 31, 2015.

This technique incubates cells with snippets of single strands of DNA  The DNA attaches to the cell’s outer membrane. The incubated cell attaches to other cells that are incubated with matching DNA strands. In other words, the cell doesn’t attach with other incubated cells if their DNA sequence does not match. A cell can be incubated with more than one type of DNA cell. This allows the cell to attach to different types of cells. This technique is similar to playing with Legos. A lego piece can attach to other lego pieces if they have matching sides. This simple trick allows lego pieces to be combined to build a very large variety of toys.  Similarly, DPAC uses DNA strands attached to cells to create different types of organoids.¨

 

Building Human Breast Tissue, Cell by Cell.

 

DNA-guided 3-D printing of human tissue.

 

3D Tissue Printing Using a DNA Guidance System.

 

Researchers Discover Way to Print Out Human Tissue.

 

Programmed synthesis of three-dimensional tissues.

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